Statistika merupakan ilmu yang menjadi semacam "ilmu alat" bagi semua jurusan di berbagai fakultas. Statistika digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian, mulai analisis deskriptif sampai analisis multivariat. Mata kuliah statistika pun menjadi semacam pelajaran wajib bagi hampir semua jurusan.
Berikut ini ada beberapa buku pengantar statistika yang mungkin bisa dibaca oleh kawan-kawan mahasiswa. Silahkan download di sini
Nah, di sini saya kutipkan tulisan tentang sejarah ilmu statistika.
-------------------------------------
Berikut ini ada beberapa buku pengantar statistika yang mungkin bisa dibaca oleh kawan-kawan mahasiswa. Silahkan download di sini
Nah, di sini saya kutipkan tulisan tentang sejarah ilmu statistika.
-------------------------------------
Statistics is a broad mathematical discipline which studies ways to collect, summarize, and draw conclusions from data. It is applicable to a wide variety of academic fields from the physical and socialsciences to the humanities, as well as to business, government and industry.
Once data is collected, either through a formal sampling procedure or some other, less formal method of observation, graphical and numerical summaries may be obtained using the techniques of descriptive statistics. The specific summary methods chosen depend on the method of data collection. The techniques of descriptive statistics can also be applied to census data, which is collected on entire populations.
If the data can be viewed as a sample (a subset of some population of interest), inferential statistics can be used to draw conclusions about the larger, mostly unobserved population. These inferences, which are usually based on ideas of randomness and uncertainty quantified through the use of probabilities, may take any of several forms:
- Answers to essentially yes/no questions (hypothesis testing)
- Estimates of numerical characteristics (estimation)
- Predictions of future observations (prediction)
- Descriptions of association (correlation)
- Modeling of relationships (regression)
The procedures by which such inferences are made are sometimes collectively known as applied statistics. In contrast, statistical theory (or, as an academic subject sometimes called mathematical statistics) is the subdiscipline of applied mathematics which uses probability theory and mathematical analysis to place statistical practice on a firm theoretical basis. (If applied statistics is what you do in statistics, statistical theory tells you why it works.)
In academic statistics courses, the word statistic (no final s) is usually defined as a numerical quantity calculated from a set of data. In this usage, statistics would be the plural form meaning a collection of such numerical quantities. See Statistic for further discussion.
Less formally, the word statistics (singluar statistic) is often used in a way roughly synonymous with data or simply numbers, a common example being sports "statistics" published in newspapers. In the United States, the Bureau of Labor Statistics collects data on employment and general economic conditions; also, theCensus Bureau publishes a large annual volume called the Statistical Abstract of the United States based on census data.
Sumber : http://math.wikia.com/wiki/Statistics
This is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Accordingly, it is difficult to figure out when to end it. But then, this is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Period.
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon